Variation of Free Swell Index (FSI) with Steel Slag content, . STABILIZATION OF SOILS WITH STEEL SLAG AND CEMENT FOR APPLICATION IN RURAL AND LOW TRAFFIC ROADS. to improve load bearing capacity of soil. Based on these performance tests, optimum amount of GBS with fly ash was determined as 3% fly ash + 6% GBS. effect of CaCl 2 additive with various percentages 0%, 2%, 5%, 10% and 15% for improving expansive soil. An experimental program was conducted to investigate the effect of using by-product steel slag as a stabilizer on clay soils. of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham B15 2TT, U.K. (corresponding author). the steel slag can be considered reasonable alternative source of Different percentage of 5%, 10%, 15% and 20% steel slag have been used to stabilize the black cotton soil and to verify its suitability for using it as a construction material for road. Atterberg limits variation and unconfined compressive strength variation were evaluated for the curing period of 3, 7, 14 and 28 days. It is generated as a residue during the production of steel. It is concluded that the steel slag can be considered reasonable alternative source of aggregate for concrete asphalt mixture production. Expansive soil exhibits significant volume change. Steel slag consists essentially of calcium silicates, sulfur; iron; manganese; alkalis and trace amount of several others, The physical properties of steel slag according to. This paper reviews the production, processing, and characteristics of steel slag, and its use as a cementing component in different cementing systems. [4], View at Google Scholar | View at Publisher [5] National Slag Association (NSA) Environmental Science& TechnologySteel slag product informationPhysical and chemical characteristics of blast furnace, C. Shi, "Steel slag-its production, processing, characteristics, and cementitious properties," Journal of Materials in Civil The effectiveness of adding 0, 5, 10, 15, 20, and 30 percentages of SS to the soil was studied. The availability of materials for geotechnical application is becoming increasingly scare and there is a need to search for parsimoniously feasible substitute to these conventional materials. road construction. above 10%, this will reduce the soil density. A series of tests to measure consistency limits, free swell index, compaction parameters and unconfined compressive strength of natural and stabilized soils. View at Google Scholar | View at Publisher The present paper evaluated the potential of granulated blast furnace slag (GBS) with fly ash to stabilize a soft soil. Variation of Optimum Moisture Content (OMC) with Steel Slag content. even not suitable for soils containing sulphates. Utilization of industrial waste materials in the improvement of problematic soils is a cost efficient and environmental friendly method. The present work describes a study carried out to check the improvements in the properties of Clayey soil with the addition of Fly ash and Steel slag. [7], This paper reports the experimental results of using two chemical additives to enhance the properties of marine clay collected from Vypin, Cochin area. Soil Stabilization Using Basic Oxygen Steel Slag Fines. slag after the hydrolysis reaction exhibits a pH of 10 to 12.5, which is the same alkalinity as that of road bed material of recycled con-crete or cement-stabilization soil. Implementation projects can help facilitate the use of steel slag in routine projects by INDOT engineers. Soil Stabilization Study by using Steel Slag Journal : International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (Vol.3, No. Generally, CBR and UCS increased up to 8% steel slag treatment of the soil. Engineering ASCE, vol. The uses of byproducts such as blastfurnace slag and steel slag [electric arc furnace slag and basic oxygen steel (BOS) slag, and ground granulated blastfurnace slag] have long been established in a number of applications in the civil engineering industry. Soil stabilization is an area where bulk utilization of steel slag is possible. All these methods fall into two broad categories (FM 5-410) namely; - mechanical stabilization Under this category, soil stabilization achieved through physical process can be by altering the physical nature of native soil … Clayey soil also affects the design and construction of the pavement, resulting in higher cost of construction and early failure of pavement. Unconfined compressive strength improvement shows similar variations for both nano-silica and lime. subdivided into Ferronickel slag and copper slag. characteristic properties of SSA were assessed to determine, Join ResearchGate to discover and stay up-to-date with the latest research from leading experts in, Access scientific knowledge from anywhere. 15%, 20% and 30%). The soil samples are tested by compaction test, unconfined compression test and CBR. The cation exchange between the soil and steel slag was identified as the major factor that controlled the engineering properties of modified soils, reduced the diffusion layer, and led to the agglomeration of clay-size particles in the soil-slag mixtures (Akinwumi, 2014), Besides the ionic exchange that takes place with soils, both the pozzolanic activity and adsorption property of steel slag … The aim of this study is to improve the engineering properties of expansive soil using steel slag powder and utilization of industrial waste. The performance of GBS with fly ash modified soils was evaluated using compaction and california bearing ratio (CBR) test. suitability to be used in HMA. [5] Rperiodica Polytechnica Civil Engineering, Methods of test for soils for civil engineering purpose. The overall program was conducted in 2 phases. International Journal of Risk Assessment a. experiment results revealed that the addition of SSA has a significant [6] Soil stabilization can be accomplished by several methods. However, note that the soil is mostly acidic in Japan, and even when alkali contents are leached from slag, they will be absorbed in soil and neutralized as far as the Soil Stabilization Study by using Steel Slag Item Preview remove-circle Share or Embed This Item. The geotechnical properties, shearing strength characteristics, and dynamic properties of stabilized soil have been studied. The unconfined compressive strength was determined at, performed to evaluate the effect of steel slag on the engineering properties of the soil. This review seeks to collate the findings from the literature to express the variability in material properties and to attempt to explain the source(s) of the variability. The test results showed that the soil plasticity and optimum moisture content decrease and maximum dry density, UCS and CBR increase by increasing slag and lime. It can be understood that by increasing the crude oil content in contaminated samples, optimum water content decreases. Journal of Civil, Environmental, Structural, Construction and Architectural Engineering, vol. 4. maximum CBR value, the soil was blended with 20% GGBFS. Akinwumi concluded that steel slag can be used as a low cost soil modifier for use in subgrade stabilization. Four different percentages (0, 50, 75, The results obtained shows that the increase in the percentage of CaCl 2 decreased the liquid limit and plasticity index leading to significant reduction in the free swell index. Soil Stabilization Study by using Steel Slag Select Research Area Engineering Pharmacy Management Biological Science Other Scientific Research Area Humanities and the Arts Chemistry Physics Medicine Mathemetics Economics Computer Science Home Science Select Subject Select Volume Volume-5 Volume-4 Volume-3 Special Issue Volume-2 Volume-1 Select Issue The use of steel slag in these cementing systems results in some advantages over conventional cements. The type of steel furnace slag (SFS), including electric arc furnace (EAF) slag, basic oxygen furnace (BOF) slag, ladle metallurgy furnace (LMF) slag, and argon oxygen decarburization (AOD) slag, can significantly affect the composite properties when used as an aggregate or as a supplementary cementitious material in bound applications, such as concretes, mortars, alkali-activated materials, and stabilized soils. Stabilization is a method of using the available waste materials for the production of low-cost roads construction. Steel slag is a by product of steel manufacturing industry which is dumped in large quantities every year. Based on laboratory test results, an 8 % optimal stabilization of the A-7-6 soil with steel slag satisfactorily meets the Federal Republic of Nigerian General Specifications (Roads and Bridges) requirement for subgrade materials. It was found that SFS composition and properties can be highly variable, including different compositions on the exterior and interior of a given SFS particle, which can affect bonding conditions and be one source of variability on composite properties. Based on laboratory test results, an 8 % optimal stabilization of the A-7-6 soil with steel slag satisfactorily meets the Federal Republic of Nigerian General Specifications (Roads and Bridges) requirement for subgrade materials. Various techniques are available like soil stabilization, providing reinforcement etc. The batch studies confirmed that the mixture of limestone and steel refining slag was suitable for stabilization of metals in contaminated soil. This soil was classified as CI-MI as per Indian Standard Classification system (ISCS). The experiments results revealed that the addition of SSA has significant improvement on the properties of HMA. Moreover, plasticity index reduces by 75% with the addition of 30% Steel Slag. View at Google Scholar These soils cannot be considered as a proper material for earth works due to problems caused by clay soils such as high expansive, volumetric shrinkage, high settlement under loading and high moisture absorption. Soil stabilization is an area where bulk utilization of steel slag is possible. www.nationalslag.org, 2013. Meanwhile, there are no coarse-grained soil resources for using in the earth works around in this area. This study represents the most complete characterization of steel industry slag currently produced in North America, encompassing mills that collectively produce over 47% of steel industry slag. However, to achieve significant improvements in strength soils required a high percentage (15–20%) of BOS slag fines and a long curing period. Sciences and Research Technology Experimental. Soil stabilization is an area where bulk utilization of steel slag is possible. Steel slag is a by-product of the steel industry and can be used potentially as aggregate in asphalt mixture. moisture content and unconfined compressive strength. Any queries should be directed to the corresponding author of the article. In this paper, an attempt has been made to utilize the steel slag in improving the geotechnical strength characteristics of soft clayey soil. It helps in reducing disposal problems caused by the various industrial wastes. HMA were conducted in accordance with Marshall mix design. Soil + 10% Steel slag content Fig. Significant change in MDD and OMC are observed with addition of steel slag to the expansive, . This, in turn, increased the maximum dry density and decreased the optimum moisture content which results in greater strength. Different amounts of GBS, i.e. Experimental program was conducted to evaluate the influence of Steel Slag on improving the engineering properties of expansive clay. improvement on the properties of HMA. 2. The fine-grained soils of Arvand free zone in the south west of Iran contains more than 95% fine grained particles. Effect of Steel Slag on Maximum Dry Density (MDD) Source: the present study, Variation of Optimum Moisture Content (OMC) with Steel Slag content. The unconfined compressive strength of soil stabilized with 5% CaCl 2 increased approximately by 50% as compared to virgin soil. The uses of byproducts such as blastfurnace slag and steel slag [electric arc furnace slag and basic oxygen steel (BOS) slag, and ground granulated blastfurnace slag] have long been established in a number of … 1576-1582, 2000. An increase in density and three decades from 1990 to 2019, a mechanistic literature of expansive soil stabilization by incorporating CSMs is presented by This paper presents an experimental study in stabilization of expansive soil using Steel Slag (SS). Unconfined compressive strength relationship with steel slag content. 9, pp. prepared and placed in the compression test, test continued until failure or 20% axial strain reached. Optimum lime content for lime stabilized clay was obtained as 4% and nano-silica as 0.8%. observed in specimens prepared with 100% SSA. stabilization techniques are widely used for improving expansive soil properties. The optimum mix is found to be in the proportion of 65 C … of the stabilized soil. Tests were carried out on the lateritic soil-slag mixture to ascertain the particle size distribution, index properties and compaction characteristics. For this purpose, soil was mixed with 10, 20 and 30% slag and 2, 4 and 6% hydrated lime. Clayey soils are poor in strength and they will result in poor pavement support and ultimately affects the pavement performance and its life period. 3, 6, and 9% with different amount of fly ash i.e 3%, 6%, 9% and 12% were used to stabilize the soft soil. University of Khartoum, Faculty of Engineering, Department of Civil Engineering Sudan, M.Sc. Effect of Steel Slag on Maximum Dry Density (MDD). percentages of pulverized steel slag were applied to the s. the plasticity, uncured strength and drainage characteristics of the soil at the optimum percent of slag 6%. index is determined as a percentage increase in the volume to the original volume of the stabilized soil. © 2008-2021 ResearchGate GmbH. with 9% BFS and it became suitable for the use as hydraulic barrier. The UCS of the soil is 147 kPa in the maximum density and is reaching to 267, 417 and 456 kPa by adding 30% slag and 2, 4 and 6% lime, respectively. After curing the mixed soil, the change in soil characteristics were tested through Atterberg limits, compaction, unconfined compressive strength (UCS) and CBR tests. Based on intensive laboratory testing program, the characteristic properties of SSA were assessed to determine its suitability to be used in HMA. Influence of steel slag on liquid and plastic limits of the soil. A series of laboratory … Chaubey S, Ali Jawaid SM (2016) Soil stabilization using steel slag. In general, the results show that the steel slag can effectively be used to improve the engineering properties of clay with awareness to the percentages that should be used. to improve the strength characteristics of expansive soil. plastic limit, as Steel Slag increases from 0 to 30%, th. Reasonable improvement has been observed for unsoaked and soaked CBR value of soils with this optimum amount. Local Soil hence by using Steel Slag content it improves geotechnical properties of Locally available Soil which will be helpful for civil Engineering. performance and treatment of expansive soils, On the Recent Trends in Expansive Soil Stabilization Using Calcium-Based Stabilizer Materials (CSMs): A Comprehensive Review, Effect of Slag on Engineering Properties of Contaminated Soil, A Review of the Influence of Steel Furnace Slag Type on the Properties of Cementitious Composites, Treatment of Clayey Soils with Steel Furnace Slag and Lime for Road Construction in the South West of Iran, Influence of Steel Slag and Fly Ash on Strength Properties of Clayey Soil: A Comparative Study, Experimental Study of Steel Slag Used as Aggregate in Asphalt Mixture, STABILIZATION OF SOFT SOIL WITH GRANULATED BLAST FURNACE SLAG AND FLY ASH, Soil Modification by the Application of Steel Slag (Ŕ periodica polytechnica ci Creative Commons Attribution), Physical and Chemical Characteristics of Blast Furnace, Basic Oxygen Furnace, and Electric Arc Furnace Steel Industry Slags, Effect of Stabilization Using Flyash and GGBS in Soil Characteristics, Steel Slag — Its Production, Processing, Characteristics, and Cementitious Properties, Compacted lateritic soil treated with blast furnace slag as hydraulic barriers in waste containment systems, Comparative Study on Stabilization of Marine Clay Using Nano-silica and Lime, The Effect of Adding Steel Slag and Lime on The Engineering Properties of a Sandy Soil, Laboratory Investigation of Expansive Soil Stabilized with Calcium ‎Chloride‎, Experimental Study of Steel Slag Used As Aggregate in Asphalt Mixture. with CSM, the main and interaction effects on soil properties with focus on chemical processes such as X-ray fluorescence, X-ray The steel industry has a waste that can be used with low strength and weak engineering properties soils. Green, C. Avent, R. D. Bigham, M. Connolly, B. Lee, T. O. Shepker, Approximately 21 million tons of steel industry slag are produced each year in the United States, and many productive commercial uses of slag have been developed (e.g., road bed, fill material). Plasticity characteristics are remarkably modified in the lime-amended clay compared to nano-silica additive. Ferrous slag can also be further subdivided into B. make steel in each process. 2e advantages and disadvantages of CSMs as the ground stabilizing agent are 5) Publication Date : 2019-15-8 Application of limestone and steel refining slag was reported as effective stabilizers in the stabilization of metals. This study profiles the major and minor constituents of slag from each furnace type and reports the leachability of metals from slag under neutral and acidic conditions. Results and Discussion ...................................................................................................................................................................... 5. Steel slag is a byproduct from either the conversion of iron to steel in a basic oxygen furnace, or the melting of scrap to make steel in an electric arc furnace. Comparing the results obtained for the natural and stabilized soils revealed that SS has significant effect on strength parameters and considerable improvement in plasticity and swelling properties. evaluates the use of Steel Slag Aggregates (SSA) as a substitute for These data provide insights that may be useful for evaluating the marketability of steel industry slag and for human and ecological health risk assessment of environmental applications. Bulk utilization of steel slag is the, Steel slag is a by-product of the steel industry and can Effect of by-product steel slag on the engineering properties of clay soils”. A suite of tests is proposed to better assess a given SFS stock for potential use in bound applications; at a minimum, the SFS should be evaluated for free CaO content, expansion potential, mineralogical composition, cementitious composite mechanical properties, and chemical composition with secondary tests, including cementitious composite durability properties, microstructural characterization, and free MgO content. Millions of tonnes of steel slag are generated in each year throughout the world. Khuzestan steel plant makes enormous amount of steel furnace slag as waste product and is available for any use. All rights reserved. After blending [Type text] Page 2 CERTIFICATE This is to certify that the thesis entitled, “Stabilization of Red Soil Using Blast Furnace slag ” submitted by Bagasingi Rajalaxmi in partial fulfilment of the requirement for the award of Bachelor of Technology degree in Civil Engineering at the National Institute of Technology Rourkela is an authentic work carried out by her under my supervision and guidance. Permeability of soil " steel slag mixtures increased with higher steel slag content. its However, the short and long term environmental impact of using steel slags in geotechnical applications should be Calcium-based stabilizer materials (CSMs) exhibit pozzolanic properties which improve the properties of clayey soils by hydration, cation exchange, flocculation, pozzolanic reaction, and carbonation. Compaction and direct shear strength tests had been conducted on the artificial contaminated prepared soil samples. UCS tests were performed at 0, 7, 14 and 28 days of curing. The soaked CBR tests indicated that adding 20% slag and 4% lime provide a CBR more than 30%. The relationships between, each of the properties with the steel slag content are graphically drawn as shown in, increases from 0 to 30%, there is little increase in th. Summary of tests results for natural and stabilized soils. Fly ash and Steel slag are blended with unmodified soil in varying percentages to obtain the optimum percentage of admixture required for the soil stabilization. Fig:5- CBR Penetration vs % of Steel Slag Researcher, School of Engineering, Univ. It can be concluded that CaCl 2 had shown promising influence on the strength and swelling properties of expansive soil, thereby giving an advantage in improving problematic expansive soil. steel slag in other applications in construction industry, specifically for the finer fraction (sand- and silt-sizes ) of steel slag. Literature Review ............................................................................................................................................................................... 4. Sieve analysis, Atterberg’s limits, free swell index (SI), specific gravity, compaction, unconfined compressive strength and triaxial test were conducted on the virgin soil as well as on blended soil. succinctly presented, and the major outcomes of physicochemical effects on soil properties are discussed in detail. This paper describes a laboratory investigation for English China clay and Mercia mudstone, which are stabilized with three BOS slag fines from three different steel production sites in the United Kingdom. Furthermore, the shear strength is improved by utilizing slag so that slag can be considered as a stabilizing material to improve the properties of contamination soil. International Research Journal of Engineering and Technology. Experimental Investigation on Expansive Soil Stabilization by Using Steel Slag 75 e) Comparison of CBR values for different replacement percentages of Steel slag in cotton soil. It is concluded that the use of steel slag to enhance properties of expansive soil is successful and beneficial. An increase in density and stability and a reduction in flow and air voids values were clearly observed in specimens prepared with 100% SSA. It is concluded that [3] Source: the present study, All figure content in this area was uploaded by Magdi Zumrawi, All content in this area was uploaded by Magdi Zumrawi on Jun 26, 2017, index, compaction parameters and unconfined compressive strength. Soil stabilization is one of the modification technique used to improve the geotechnical properties of soil and has become the major practice in construction engineering which enables the effective utilization of industrial wastes as a stabilizer. E-mail: Research Manager, Tarmac Ltd., Wolverhampton, U.K. Journal of Materials in Civil Engineering, Quantification of Hydraulic Phase Contained in a Basic Oxygen Furnace Slag, Steel Slag—Its Production, Processing, Characteristics, and Cementitious Properties, Performance Evaluation of an Eco-Binder Made with Slag and CFBC Fly Ash, Carbon Dioxide–Activated Steel Slag for Slag-Bonded Wallboard Application, Utilization of Steel Slag Powder as a Combined Admixture with Ground Granulated Blast-Furnace Slag in Cement Based Materials, https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)0899-1561(2006)18:2(229), © 1996–2021, American Society of Civil Engineers. Addition of SS to the soil increased the dry density and decreased the optimum moisture content as well as increased the unconfined compressive strength. Stabilization of contaminated soil was reported using various stabilizers. This study is carried out to evaluate the effect of steel slag (SS) as a by-product of the geotechnical properties of clayey soil. 34, pp. Lime to soil ratios of 3, 4 and 5% were used. Keywords: steel furnace slag; electric arc furnace slag; basic oxygen furnace slag; ladle metallurgy furnace slag; argon oxygen decarburization slag; concrete. Modifications in properties of marine clay by lime are investigated to compare the nano-silica particles’ effect in mechanical properties of clay. Substantial portions of steel slag are accumulated each year due to un-utilization. Optimum properties of the lateritic soil-slag mixture were obtained at 10% slag treatment that suggests the use of the mixture as a suitable hydraulic barrier in waste containment systems. Global J Res Anal 5(1) Google Scholar Chenna K (2014–15) Potential infrastructural growth in India by 2025 vis-a-vis utilizations of waste—a sustainable material. This study received no specific financial support. In this comparative study laboratory tests such as Atterberg’s limit, Compaction test and CBR test were carried out for both modified and unmodified clayey soil. Acceptable zones on the compaction plane in which compacted soil specimens would have low hydraulic conductivity (< 1 × 10⁻⁹ m/s), minimum volumetric shrinkage strain (< 4%) and high compressive strength (< 200 kN/m²) were established. In this comprehensive review, comprising over past Construction of structures over weak or soft soils possesses difficulties like differential settlements, poor strength and high compressibility.